Change of Tense
- जब Reporting Verb Present/Future Tense में रहता है , तब Indirect Speech में कहीं भी Tense में कोई परिवर्तन नहीं होता है ।
- जब Reporting Verb Past Tense में रहता है , तब Inverted Commas के भीतर प्रयुक्त Tense में परिवर्तन होता है । यह परिवर्तन इस प्रकार होता है -
Direct
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Indirect
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Simple Present
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Simple Past
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Present Continuous
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Past Continuous
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Present Perfect
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Past Perfect
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Present perfect Continuous
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Past Prefect Continuous
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Simple Past
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Past Perfect
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Past Continuous
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Past Perfect Continuous
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Past Perfect
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No Change
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Past Perfect Continuous
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No Change
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Indirect Speech for All Tenses - Rules and Details- Learn English Grammar |
Direct
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Indirect
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Shall/Will
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Should/Would
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Can
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Could
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May
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Might
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Am/Is/Are
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Was/Were
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Have/Has
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Had
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Was/Were
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Had Been
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Could/Should/Would/Might
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Generally no change
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Examples-
Direct
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Indirect
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He said to me, “I am your friend.”
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He told me that he was my friend.
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She said to me,“I am to help you."
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She told me that she was to help me.
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Sita said to me,“I love you."
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Sita told me that she loved me.
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My son said to me,”I am doing my lesson.”
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My son told me that he was doing his lesson.
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Geeta said to Ram,”I have always helped you.”
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Geeta told Ram that she had always helped him.
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Ram said to Rita,”I have been waiting for you.”
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Ram told Rita that he had been waiting for her
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My father said to me,“I wanted to give you a bicycle.”
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My father told me that he had wanted to give me a bicycle.
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He said to the boys,”I was playing with you.”
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He told the boys that he had been playing with them.
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Exception : Universal Truth
यदि Inverted Commas के भीतर कोई ऐसा कथन हो जिससे चिरंतन सत्य या सिद्धांत ( Universal Truth ) का बोध हो , तो Reporting Verb के Past Tense में रहने पर भी Reported Speech के Tense में कोई परिवर्तन नहीं होगा ।
जैसे -
Direct
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Indirect
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He said,“The earth is round.”
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He said that the earth is round.
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My father said to me,”Honesty is the best policy.”
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My father told me that honesty is the best policy.
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He said,“Work is worship.”
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He said that work is worship.
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The teacher said,“The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.”
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The teacher said that the sun rises in the east and sets in the West.
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He says,“Two and two is four."
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He says that two and two is four.
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