Adjectives (विशेषण)
Adjectives are the ones terms which describe the nouns.
There are only some or slight variations among English adjective and Hindi
adjectives. one of the fundamental difference in contrast to Hindi Adjectives
is that English adjectives does no longer regulate themselves for the noun.
Definition:
Adjectives are the ones words which describe the nouns.
(किसी भी Noun अथवा उसके शब्द की विशेषता
बतलाता है उसे विशेषण कहते है।)
Definition: An Adjective is a phrase that qualifies a Noun
or a Pronoun.
(किसी भी Noun अथवा
Pronoun की विशेषता बतलाता है उसे विशेषण कहते है।)
Example: (जैसे)
large (बङा)
Small (छोटा)
Tall (लंबा)
lovable (सुंदर)
for example:
building can be very large. (मकान बहुत बड़ा
है।)
Rohan can be very tall. (रोहन बहुत लंबा
है।)
 |
| Adjectives (विशेषण)-8 varieties of Adjectives |
dress will be very stunning. (ड्रेस
बहुत सुंदर है।)
There are 8 varieties of Adjectives
- Adjective of Quality (गुण का विशलेषण)
- Adjective of Quantity (मात्रा का विशलेषण)
- Adjective of Number (संख्या का विशलेषण)
- Demonstrative Adjective (संकेतवाचक विशेषण)
- Interrogative Adjective (प्रश्नवाचक विशेषण)
- Possessive Adjective (संबंधवाचक विशेषण)
- Distributive Adjective (वितरण विशेषण)
- Proper Adjective (व्यक्तिवाचक विशेषण)
Adjective of Quality (गुण का विशलेषण)
Noun के गुण या प्रकार को प्रकट करने वाले शब्द को adjective of Quality या गुणवाचक विशेषण कहते हैं.
The word or words describing the pleasant of a noun are categorized as Adjective of Quality.
Calcutta is a huge city.
he is an sincere guy.
India is a incredible united states.
गुणवाचक विशेषण "किस प्रकार की" या "कैसा" प्रश्नों के उत्तर में आता है. इस group के Adjective सम्बंधित Noun के गुण के बारे में विशलेषण करते हैं.
while the adjective answers questions like what kind or how, it is called adjective of fine. An adjective on this class elaborates at the some nice of the noun.
जैसे उपर के उदाहरणों में...
inside the examples above...
huge शब्द बताता है कि शहर कैसा है - बड़ा है.
huge describes the scale of the city.
कैसा व्यक्ति का उत्तर मिलता है - sincere.
the answer of what sort of individual is honest.
किस प्रकार का देश है India - great.
What type of usa is India - great.
Adjective of quantity (मात्रा का विशलेषण)
Noun द्वारा उल्लेखित व्यक्ति, प्राणी, स्थान या वस्तु की मात्रा के बारे में जानकारी देने वाले adjective को adjective of quantity (परिमाणवाचक विशेषण) कहते हैं.
The word or words describing the amount of nouns that are not definitely rely fall under the category - Adjective of quantity.
I ate a few rice.
we have had sufficient enjoy.
you haven't any shame.
यहाँ उपयोग किये गये शब्द a few, sufficient, no की जानकारी देते हैं. ये बताते हैं कितने चावल (rice), तजुर्बा (revel in) और शर्म (disgrace) का विवरण दिया जा रहा.
some, sufficient, no - every of the adjectives used in the examples above tell approximately the quantity of rice, enjoy and shame, respectively. these do no longer specific amount in terms of actual countable numbers.
परिमाणवाचक विशेषण का उपयोग "कितने" प्रश्न के उस उत्तर में होता है जहाँ गिनती नहीं की जा सकती.
Adjective of quantity is used in response to the query "how a whole lot", in which counting cannot be done.
इसके विपरीत, एक विशेषण की एक वो श्रेणी है जो उस उत्तर में होते हैं जिन्हें गिना जा सकता है. इस श्रेणी को Adjective of Number कहते हैं.
In assessment to this, there is a class of adjectives which are used represent nouns that may be counted. This class is known as the Adjective of Number.
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| Adjectives (विशेषण)-8 varieties of Adjectives |
Adjective of Number ( संख्यावाचक विशेषण )
इन वाक्यों को
देखो-
We have two hands .
There aren't many girls in the class .
Some boys are playing .
He is the second boy in my class .
इन वाक्यों
में,
Two, some, many, second से संख्या या क्रम का बोध होता है । इन्हें
Adjectives of Number कहते हैं।
Two तथा second से निश्चित संख्या या क्रम का बोध होता है , इन्हें Definite
Adjective of Number कहते हैं ।
किंतु some ( कुछ ) , many ( बहुत ) से अनिश्चित
संख्या का बोध होता है , इन्हें Indefinite Adjective of Number कहते हैं ।
Definite : one , two , three , first , second , third , etc .
Indefinite : all , Some , several , half , a few etc .
जिस Adjective से व्यक्ति या वस्तु की संख्या या क्रम का बोध हो , उसे Adjective of Number या Numerical
Adjective ( संख्यावाचक
विशेषण ) कहते हैं ।
The Adjective of Number indicates how any persons or
things | are meant and in what order.
Demonstrative Adjective (संकेतवाचक विशेषण)
इन वाक्यों को देखो-
Demonstrative Adjectives
This pen is mine.
That bag is yours.
These boys are tall.
Those girls are beautiful.
Demonstrative Pronouns
This is my pen.
That is your bag.
These are tall boys.
Those are beautiful girls.
Demonstrative Adjectives के वाक्यों में This,
That, These, Those के तुरत बाद Nouns | (Pen, bag, boys, girls) आए हैं । यहाँ This, That,
these, those Demonstrative Adjectives हैं ।
Demonstrative Pronouns के वाक्यों में This, That, These, Those के बाद Nouns नहीं हैं, Hence ये Nouns के स्थान पर हैं । यहाँ this, that,
these, those Demonstrative Pronouns हैं ।
जब This,
That, These, Those के बाद कोई Noun रहे, तब This, That, These, Those को Demonstrative Adjectives ( संकेतवाचक विशेषण ) कहते हैं ।
The Demonstrative Adjective points out which person,
thing or idea is mentioned.
Interrogative Adjective (प्रश्नवाचक विशेषण)
इन वाक्यों को
देखो-
Interrogative Adjectives
What name did you say?
Whose box is here?
Which house is your?
Interrogative Pronouns
What is his name?
Whose is the box?
Which is your house?
Interrogative Adjectives के वाक्यों में What/Whose/Which+
Noun(name/box/house) हैं तथा इनसे प्रश्न पूछे गए हैं । इन्हें Interrogative
Adjectives कहते हैं ।
Interrogative Pronouns के वाक्यों में What,
whose तथा Which के बाद Noun नहीं है तथा इन
शब्दों से भी प्रश्न पूछे गए हैं, इन्हें Interrogative Pronouns कहते हैं ।
जिस Adjective के साथ Noun का प्रयोग कर प्रश्न
पूछा जाए उसे Interrogative Adjective ( प्रश्नवाचक विशेषण ) कहते हैं ।
The Interrogative Adjective is used with Nouns to ask
questions.
Possessive Adjective (संबंधवाचक विशेषण)
इन वाक्यों को
देखो-
Possessive Adjectives
This is my radio.
This is our radio.
This is your radio.
This is his radio.
This is her radio.
This is their radio.
This is its tail.
Possessive Pronouns
This radio is mine.
This radio is ours
This radio is yours.
This radio is his.
This radio is hers.
This radio is theirs.
This radio is mine.
This radio is ours
This radio is yours.
This radio is his.
This radio is hers.
This radio is theirs.
Possessive Adjectives के वाक्यों में आए शब्दों my, our,
your, his, her, their तथा its के बाद Noun (radio/tail) का प्रयोग किया गया । अतः, my,
our, your, his, her, their तथा its को जिनसे अधिकार या संबंध का भाव झलकता है—Possessive
Adjectives कहते हैं।
किंतु mine, ours, yours, his, hers तथा theirs के बाद किसी Noun का प्रयोग नहीं किया जाता, अतः इन्हें Possessive
Pronouns कहते हैं।
My, our, your, his, her, their तथा its से अधिकार या संबंध का भाव व्यक्त होता है, इन्हें Possessive Adjectives (संबंधवाचक विशेषण) कहते हैं।
The Possessive Adjective shows possession or relationship.
The Possessive Adjective shows possession or relationship.
Distributive Adjective ( व्यष्टिवाचक विशेषण )
इन वाक्यों को
देखो-
Distributive Adjectives
Each girl got a book.
Either pen will do.
Neither side won.
Every boy came here.
Distributive Pronouns
Each got a book.
Either will do.
Neither was present.
Distributive Adjectives के वाक्यों में Each,
Either, Neither, Every के बाद Nouns आए हैं । अत:, each,
either, neither तथा every को Distributive Adjectives कहते हैं ।
Distributive Pronouns के वाक्यों में Each,
Either तथा Neither के बाद कोई Noun नहीं आया है । अतः, ये Distributive
Pronouns हैं ।
जब किसी Noun के पहले Each,
Either, Neither, Every का प्रयोग हो , तब उसे Distributive Adjective ( व्यष्टिवाचक विशेषण
) कहते हैं ।
The Distributive Adjective indicates each one of two
or more persons or things taken Separately or in separate group.
Proper Adjective ( व्यक्तिवाचक विशेषण )
इन वाक्यों को देखो-
Proper Nouns
Hari lives in Punjab.
We live in India.
They live in Russia.
Tom comes from America.
Proper Adjectives
He wears Punjabi dress.
We like Indian food.
They like Russian wine.
He has an American watch.
Proper Nouns के वाक्यों में आए
शब्द Punjab, India, Russia तथा America Proper Nouns हैं ।
Proper Adjectives के वाक्यों में आए
शब्द Punjabi, Indian, Russian, American Adjectives हैं । ये Proper
Adjectives हैं ।
Proper Nouns से बने Adjectives को Proper Adjectives कहते हैं । [ Note: Proper
Noun की तरह Proper
Adjective का भी । पहला
अक्षर Capital Letter होता है । ]
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